Agriculture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is considered one of the pillars of the national economy in the Kingdom. The total cultivated area in the Kingdom for 2017 was approximately one million ha. Although agricultural activity takes place in all regions of the Kingdom, they are particularly concentrated in the Riyadh, Qassim, Hail, and al-Jawf provinces. 1 Agriculture in the Kingdom generally relies on groundwater. Therefore, the National Water Strategy aims to reduce reliance on non-renewable groundwater for agriculture from nineteen billion m³ in 2017 to 6.2 billion m³ by 2030. The strategy also focuses on developing renewable water sources, such as rainwater harvesting and the reuse of treated wastewater. 2 A historical overview of agriculture in Saudi Arabia Ancient agricultural methods in Saudi Arabia Agriculture is one of the professions that has been associated with humans ...