List of the Stages of the Second Renovation of al-Kaaba al-Musharrafa During the Saudi Era

The second renovation of al-Kaaba al-Musharrafa in the Grand Mosque, conducted in 1997 during the Saudi era, comprised several stages, as follows:

• The roof was removed along with the holding materials placed within the spacers between the main stones.

• The filling and internal stones were removed, numbered, washed, and cleaned.

• Spacers were covered with highly efficient holding materials, ensuring adhesivity to stones.

• Metal pieces were used to bind the stones of the external facade and interior walls of al-Kaaba al-Musharrafa.

• Walls were divided into twisted vertical segments following the stones' blending.

• The internal stones of the interior upper block of al-Kaaba were completely dismantled and numbered.

• Blocks were gradually processed, starting from the top, four rows at a time, before processing the following blocks.

• The spacers of the external facade's walls and stones were cleaned and dried with compressed air.

• Spacers were filled with a highly reinforcing material, ensuring adhesivity, via mechanical injection.

• Each stone was placed back in its original position, based on its numbering, after cleaning and filling spacers with highly adhesive material.

• The foundation layer was sprayed with a long-lasting pesticide, and a corrosion-resistant metal joints mesh was installed.

• A 2.2 m deep hole was dug within al-Kaaba al-Musharrafa floor to determine the need for renovating the base.

• The floor of al-Kaaba al-Musharrafa was fully dug and renovated using the same renovation method applied to the upper walls.

• Renovation works extended half a m to approximately three-quarters of a m below the Mataf to verify its condition.