Olives are primarily grown in several provinces of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, including al-Jawf, Hail, and Tabuk. These northern provinces enjoy a Mediterranean climate, which is a crucial factor for successful cultivation. Olives are also grown in some southern provinces, such as al-Bahah and Aseer, where the climate and soil conditions are suitable. As of 2018, olive trees covered about 52,000 ac in the Kingdom. Approximately 20 percent of the production is allocated for table olives, while 80 percent is used for olive oil production.
Regarding olive varieties used for oil extraction, they are characterized by regular production and high oil content. Varieties designated for table olives typically have medium to large-sized fruits with thick flesh that are easy to process. For table olives, it is preferred that the oil content ranges between 12 and 15 percent, as the oil extends the preservation period and enhances the fruit's flavor. Dual-purpose varieties combine the characteristics of all types.
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