The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia does not have flowing rivers on its land. However, it does contain hundreds of seasonal waterways known as 'valleys' (Wadi), most of which were formed during rainy ages and are distributed across its administrative provinces. These waterways are less frequent in the southern part of the Eastern Province and are almost nonexistent in ar-Rub' al-Khali (Empty Quarter), with most of them flowing into the Red Sea.
The Kingdom primarily relies on several sources to provide water, including surface water, renewable groundwater, non-renewable groundwater, desalinated water, and treated water.
In the past, it relied on wells and springs before the discovery and utilization of groundwater reservoirs. Following these discoveries, the Kingdom has focused on constructing dams to store rainwater and then managing and utilizing it effectively.
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