Climate of Buraydah City

The Climate of Buraydah City is weather conditions and meteorological variables such as wind, rain, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure in Buraydah City, Qassim Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Its climate is characterized as a desert climate, hot in the summer and cold in the winter with low humidity.

Buraydah City is located east of Qassim Province in the Kingdom, confined between latitudes 44 26º and 18 26º N and longitudes 52 43º and 51 43º E, with an elevation ranging between six hundred and 650 m above sea level.

Given its location within the sedimentary region in the Arabian Shield formations, the desert surrounding it, and its distance from the sea, Buraydah City has a continental desert climate.

Temperatures in Buraydah City rise during the summer months, with an average reaching up to forty-three °C. The highest average temperature recorded in August in Buraydah was 43.4 °C. On the other hand, the lowest temperature recorded during the winter months was 6.3 °C in January, with a winter average temperature of about 7.4 °C. The averages are close during the spring and fall seasons, reaching 17.3 °C in the spring and approximately 18.1 °C in the fall.

The location of Buraydah City plays a significant role in its climate, as it is situated in the middle northern part of Qassim Province in a relatively flat area. The city is characterized by a semiarid to arid climate, with harsh conditions exacerbated by climate change.

The harsh environmental conditions surrounding Buraydah City contribute to an increase in the urban heat island effects, causing the city to become increasingly warmer compared to surrounding rural areas. This is not only attributed to climate change but also to land-use methods and energy consumption.

The rainfall in Buraydah is relatively sparse, with an annual average of 146 mm and an average of twelve mm monthly. The peak is in April, with 28.8 mm, while the lowest average rainfall is in October, with 4.3 mm. Rainfall is almost nonexistent during May, June, July, and August.

The annual average humidity in Buraydah City is about 32.5 percent, which is relatively low due to its distance from the sea. Humidity reaches its peak in the winter season, averaging 50 percent, with its highest point in January at 53.4 percent. The summer season records a low average humidity rate, reaching 17.1 percent, with the lowest recorded in July at 16.7 percent. The speed and direction of the winds blowing over Buraydah City vary depending on the months and seasons of the year, but they predominantly come from the northeast.