Northern Wheatear

The Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) is a migratory bird that breeds in Alaska, Eurasia, eastern Greenland, and Canada. During the winter, it migrates to areas south of the Sahara in Africa. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, it is a common passage migrant but does not breed there. It is frequently observed during various months of the year, particularly in spring.

The Northern Wheatear is not considered a globally or regionally threatened species; however, its global population trend is declining, as is its regional trend. Among the wheatear species, the male is distinguished by its gray back and crown. The bird measures approximately fifteen to sixteen cm in length and weighs between eighteen and thirty-three g.

The Northern Wheatear inhabits coastal lands, particularly areas with low shrubs, as well as fodder fields, open rocky areas, and golf courses.

In Saudi Arabia, it is widely observed during March, May, and September, particularly in spring. The number of birds recorded varies from year to year. Birds sighted during winter are considered early migrants.

Globally, the Northern Wheatear breeds across Alaska, Eurasia, eastern Greenland, and Canada. During winter, it migrates south of the Sahara in Africa, covering a distance of approximately three thousand to fifteen thousand km.

The Northern Wheatear is active during the day but migrates at night. It can be found alone or within migrating groups. This bird is a fast traveler, covering a distance of 290 km per day.

Its diet consists of insects and invertebrates such as centipedes and spiders, along with berries. It hunts prey on the ground, digs with its beak, or captures prey mid-air. It prefers to fly at low altitudes, moving from one location to another.