Tayma' Governorate in Tabuk Province, north of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is home to a collection of historical antiquities that have contributed to its local and global fame. These include a set of Pharaonic inscriptions, such as the hieroglyphic inscription discovered in 2010, which was carved on a rock face and represented the pictorial language of ancient Egyptian civilization, a human bone dating back 120,000 years, and the fossilized tusk of an elephant found among a collection of fossils from various animals that lived near a lake over five hundred thousand years ago. Additionally, Tayma' features the Tayma' Stele, inscribed in Aramaic script, inscriptions dating back to the sixth century BCE, and archaeological sites associated with human presence during prehistoric times.
The archaeological sites and artifacts discovered in Tayma' date back to the Bronze Age and the civilizations of the Minaeans, Assyrians, Babylonians, Lihyanites, and Nabataeans. The presence of such inscriptions in Tayma' can be attributed to several reasons, including its role as the operational capital of the Babylonian Kingdom during the reign of King Nabonidus, as well as its location on the trade route known as the "Incense Road," which connected Mesopotamia and the Nile Basin.
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