The Saudi Ardah Rows refer to the arrangement and alignment of performers in a specific format. They consist of two opposing rows with participants holding hands, surrounded by drummers and sword bearers. The Saudi Ardah includes the following elements: the banner (flag ), drums , weapons and swords , attire, and the poet. Formation of the Saudi Ardah rows The Saudi Ardah rows consist of two opposing lines of men, each holding the hand of the next. Each row begins chanting lines of the poem acc...

The History of Libraries in Hejaz is linked to libraries in Makkah al-Mukarramah and al-Madinah al-Munawwarah , with the oldest dating back to the early Islamic history, specifically to the seventh century. Historical references indicate that the beginning was in al-Madinah al-Munawwarah when the Holy Quran was compiled in manuscript form on parchment sheets. Multiple copies of the Holy Quran were transcribed and distributed to some Islamic capitals during the era of Caliph Uthman Bin Affan (ma...