How Is Gypsum Made in Saudi Arabia?

Gypsum is traditionally made in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is extracted directly from beneath the surface of the earth in the form of clay or limestone, formed as a result of saltwater evaporation. The material is then gathered into piles and surrounded by palm trunk wood, which is set on fire to heat the gypsum stones and dry them. The burning process takes an entire day. Afterward, the gypsum is broken down using wooden sticks until it becomes a fine powder. This powder is collected in special containers and used for construction, decoration, plastering clay walls, and coating ceilings.

Al-Ahsa Governorate in eastern Saudi Arabia is distinguished by three different types of gypsum: "Al-Jass al-Urbi" (Urbi gypsum), "al-Jass al-Khikri" (Khikri gypsum), and "al-Jass al-Dhikri" (Dhikri gypsum). Each type has its unique characteristics and specific locations where it is found.