The livestock population of cattle in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is estimated to be around 312,060 heads in 2022, 354,276 in 2021, and 302,060 in 2020, according to the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture statistical yearbook of 2022. Their number was around 400,561 heads, as specified by the Specialized Agricultural Projects Survey Publication 2018. The capacity of specialized cattle farms reached about 364,389 heads in 2017. Additionally, the survey for the same year also showed that cow milk production exceeded two billion l.

The Specialized Agricultural Projects Survey Publication is one of the executive projects of the General Authority for Statistics. It is a field monitoring project that collects data according to a methodology approved by international organizations through visits to specialized cattle farms across all the administrative regions in the Kingdom.